Poverty alleviation requires economic growth, governance reforms, infrastructure development, education and targeted social programmes Poverty alleviation remains a pressing concern for many developing countries, including Pakistan. Despite efforts to address this issue, Pakistan continues to struggle with slow and uneven progress. In contrast, China has achieved remarkable success in lifting hundreds of millions of people out of extreme poverty over the past few decades. This essay aims to explore the factors that contributed to China’s success and draw lessons for Pakistan. One of the key drivers of China’s success is its institutional reforms. The country’s rural reform, which introduced the…